Well Cleaners Early Warning System(EWS)

In India, there are more than 70 lakh wells, that are both Kutcha and Pucca, in the alluvial plain regions. These wells irrigate 38% of the net irrigated area of the country and The traditional homestead type of habitation in Kerala is generally characterized by a well in each compound to tap groundwater. Therefore, it is estimated that the state has around 65 to 70 lakh wells. also, there are many Well Cleaners workers who are dying due to inhaling Toxic Gas while cleaning the well, daily in the newspaper we seeing such news, it is a shame, and we know that India is one of the developing country in means of technology and engineering.

I came up with this project due to an incident that happened in my home state Kerala were four workers died of asphyxiation while cleaning well in Kollam, that incident struck in my heart and I was thinking we had the technology to collect data from spacecraft that were in even outer space, so, why don't we make a solution for the safety of Well Cleaners Workers, I'm an Indian technical enthusiast, so, as an Indian it is my responsibility to make an engineering solution for this problem that Indian well cleaning workers face.

So, I have come up with this, The \" Well Cleaners Early Warning System(EWS) \" or \" Well Cleaners EWS \" main goal is to protect workers by giving them early notice of dangerous gas leaks and information they may use to take appropriate action. The device continuously monitors gas levels and can instantly identify any unusual increase in concentrations, alerting to potential concerns. As a result, potential accidents and injuries can be avoided, and workers can take appropriate action to protect themselves and leave the area. The safety of employees is of utmost concern in homes and workplaces where wells and small spaces are common. These conditions are extremely hazardous to the health of anyone working nearby because of the buildup of toxic gases like hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4). The installation of a sophisticated early warning system for toxic gas detection is essential to reducing these risks and ensuring the safety of employees.

The Newspaper Screenshot

The above Newspaper Screenshots show the social irrelevance and Importance of this \"Well Cleaners Early Warning System(EWS)\" Project. there are many reported and unreported incidents happening in India, also you can find much news regarding this well-cleaners death incident on the internet.

Hence, this \"Well Cleaners EWS or Well Cleaners Early Warning System(EWS)\" Project has social influence.

2) OLED Display (Organic Graphic Display Module) × 1

4)Pushbutton Switches (DPDT, H=12.5mm, Soft Push) × 2

5)Toggle Switches (3A 250V, On-Off, SPST, Red LED) × 2

7) L298 driver board (High Current, High Voltage Dual Full Bridge Driver) × 1

9) ARDUINO R4 WIFI MODULE × 1

10)MT3608 (Step Up Power Module Booster) × 2

12)TP5100 (Lithium Battery Charger Protection Module) × 2

13) MQ-4 (Natural Gas Sensor) × 1

14) MQ-7 (Carbon Monoxide Gas Sensor) × 1

15) MQ-136 (Sulfur Dioxide Gas Sensor) × 1

16) 100RPM Gear motor × 1

17)Battery Voltage Monitor (with TL431 Adjustable Precision Zener Shunt Regulator) × 2

18) TL431 (Adjustable Precision Zener Shunt Regulator) × 2

19)Resistors and Capacitors (Various types) × 4

20)Lithium Ion Cell 3.7V × 3

Accessories and Tools:

21)Wire (Hook-up Wire, Red, 100 FT) × 2

23)Solder Sucker × 1

24)Soldering Iron Gun × 1

25)Female DC Power Jack Adapter Connector Plug (for Motor connection) × 1

26)DOT Board (Prototyping material) × 2

Mechanical Components:

27)Nut and Bolt (3mm*40mm) × 9

28)Nut and Bolt (3mm*150mm) × 1

29)6mm Flange Coupling (Fixed Rigid Flange Plate Shaft Connector) × 1

31)4mm Forex Sheet (500mm*500mm, for enclosure making) × 1

32)Screw Driver (for 3mm screws) × 1

33)Polymer Thread (Rope type) × 1

34)Spray Paint (Black) × 1

Main Components section:

Arduino UNO R4 WiFi : A microcontroller board with built-in Wi-Fi, part of the Arduino UNO family, it combines the ease of use of the classic UNO with the power of modern connectivity. Ideal for IoT applications, it is compatible with Arduino IDE and features the same form factor as the original UNO for ease of integration into existing projects.

Arduino UNO R4 WiFi : A microcontroller board with built-in Wi-Fi, part of the Arduino UNO family, it combines the ease of use of the classic UNO with the power of modern connectivity. Ideal for IoT applications, it is compatible with Arduino IDE and features the same form factor as the original UNO for ease of integration into existing projects.

ESP-32 : ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. The ESP32 series employs either a Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor in both dual-core and single-core variations, Xtensa LX7 dual-core microprocessor or a single-core RISC-V microprocessor and includes built-in antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters, and power-management modules. ESP32 is created and developed by Espressif Systems, a Shanghai-based Chinese company, and is manufactured by TSMC using their 40 nm process. It is a successor to the ESP8266 microcontroller.

ESP-32 : ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. The ESP32 series employs either a Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor in both dual-core and single-core variations, Xtensa LX7 dual-core microprocessor or a single-core RISC-V microprocessor and includes built-in antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters, and power-management modules. ESP32 is created and developed by Espressif Systems, a Shanghai-based Chinese company, and is manufactured by TSMC using their 40 nm process. It is a successor to the ESP8266 microcontroller.

LM2596 : This DC-DC Step-Down Buck Converter Power Supply Module provide all the active functions for a step-down (buck) switching regulator, capable of driving a load up to 5A with excellent line and load regulation. This module comes with variable but the fixed value of input i.e. 24V, 12V, and 9V as well as fixed output voltage which is 5V 5A. The module requires a minimum number of external components, these regulators are simple to use and include internal frequency compensation, and a fixed frequency oscillator. Hence it replaces the purpose of LM2596S.

LM2596 : This DC-DC Step-Down Buck Converter Power Supply Module provide all the active functions for a step-down (buck) switching regulator, capable of driving a load up to 5A with excellent line and load regulation. This module comes with variable but the fixed value of input i.e. 24V, 12V, and 9V as well as fixed output voltage which is 5V 5A. The module requires a minimum number of external components, these regulators are simple to use and include internal frequency compensation, and a fixed frequency oscillator. Hence it replaces the purpose of LM2596S.

OLED Display : OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diodes) is a flat light-emitting technology, made by placing a series of organic thin films between two conductors. When an electrical current is applied, a bright light is emitted. OLEDs are emissive displays that do not require a backlight and so are thinner and more efficient than LCDs (which do require a white backlight).

OLED Display : OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diodes) is a flat light-emitting technology, made by placing a series of organic thin films between two conductors. When an electrical current is applied, a bright light is emitted. OLEDs are emissive displays that do not require a backlight and so are thinner and more efficient than LCDs (which do require a white backlight).

MT3608: The MT3608 2A Max DC-DC Step Up Power Module Booster Power Module is a low-cost module that can step up a 2 to 24V input voltage up to a 5 to 28V output at up to 2A. DC-DC boost converters step up the input voltage to a higher voltage while also stepping down the available current since the module can’t output more power than its inputs. This boost converter is adjustable and capable of outputting a voltage in the range of 5.0 to 28V at a continuous current of up to 1.5A depending on input/output voltage settings with 1A available with most settings. Since it is a boost converter, the input voltage must be lower than the output voltage. The device can use low ESR bulk ceramic capacitors rather than electrolytic caps which avoids long-term aging concerns and contributes to the compact packaging. The MT3608 converter IC has over-current and thermal limiting features built in to safely shut the device down if driven too hard.

MT3608: The MT3608 2A Max DC-DC Step Up Power Module Booster Power Module is a low-cost module that can step up a 2 to 24V input voltage up to a 5 to 28V output at up to 2A. DC-DC boost converters step up the input voltage to a higher voltage while also stepping down the available current since the module can’t output more power than its inputs. This boost converter is adjustable and capable of outputting a voltage in the range of 5.0 to 28V at a continuous current of up to 1.5A depending on input/output voltage settings with 1A available with most settings. Since it is a boost converter, the input voltage must be lower than the output voltage. The device can use low ESR bulk ceramic capacitors rather than electrolytic caps which avoids long-term aging concerns and contributes to the compact packaging. The MT3608 converter IC has over-current and thermal limiting features built in to safely shut the device down if driven too hard.

Lithium-ion cell(3.7V): A lithium-ion cell with a voltage rating of 3.7V is a rechargeable battery commonly used in various electronic devices, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and portable electronic gadgets. It is a type of rechargeable battery that utilizes lithium ions as the primary charge carriers. The cell consists of several components, including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte solution.

Lithium-ion cell(3.7V): A lithium-ion cell with a voltage rating of 3.7V is a rechargeable battery commonly used in various electronic devices, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and portable electronic gadgets. It is a type of rechargeable battery that utilizes lithium ions as the primary charge carriers. The cell consists of several components, including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte solution.

TP5100 BMS: The TP5100 is a compact and versatile charging IC specifically designed for single-cell lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries. It integrates multiple functions required for battery charging, such as constant current control, constant voltage control, and overcharge protection. The IC typically comes in a small form factor and is commonly used in applications like power banks, handheld devices, and other battery-powered electronics.

TP5100 BMS: The TP5100 is a compact and versatile charging IC specifically designed for single-cell lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries. It integrates multiple functions required for battery charging, such as constant current control, constant voltage control, and overcharge protection. The IC typically comes in a small form factor and is commonly used in applications like power banks, handheld devices, and other battery-powered electronics.

Battery voltage monitor Circuit: A battery voltage circuit is a circuit designed to measure and monitor the voltage of a battery. It is commonly used in various electronic devices, automotive systems, and power management applications to ensure the proper functioning and health of the battery.

Battery voltage monitor Circuit: A battery voltage circuit is a circuit designed to measure and monitor the voltage of a battery. It is commonly used in various electronic devices, automotive systems, and power management applications to ensure the proper functioning and health of the battery.

MQ-4 : As a natural gas sensor, the MQ-4 Natural Gas Sensor is a fast and reliable sensor with a high sensitivity to natural gas and Methane, also good sensitivity to propane and butane. This natural gas sensor has a long life and low cost and is widely used for gas leak detection.

MQ-4 : As a natural gas sensor, the MQ-4 Natural Gas Sensor is a fast and reliable sensor with a high sensitivity to natural gas and Methane, also good sensitivity to propane and butane. This natural gas sensor has a long life and low cost and is widely used for gas leak detection.

MQ-7 : Sensitive material of the MQ-7 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air. It makes detection by method of cycle high and low temperature and detects CO when low temperature (heated by 1.5V). The sensor’s conductivity is higher along with the gas concentration rising. When the high temperature (heated by 5.0V), it cleans the other gases adsorbed under low temperatures. Please use a simple electrocircuit and convert the change of conductivity to the corresponding output signal of gas concentration. MQ-7 gas sensor has a high sensitivity to Carbon Monoxide. The sensor could be used to detect different gases containing CO, it is at low cost and suitable for different applications.

MQ-7 : Sensitive material of the MQ-7 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air. It makes detection by method of cycle high and low temperature and detects CO when low temperature (heated by 1.5V). The sensor’s conductivity is higher along with the gas concentration rising. When the high temperature (heated by 5.0V), it cleans the other gases adsorbed under low temperatures. Please use a simple electrocircuit and convert the change of conductivity to the corresponding output signal of gas concentration. MQ-7 gas sensor has a high sensitivity to Carbon Monoxide. The sensor could be used to detect different gases containing CO, it is at low cost and suitable for different applications.

MQ-136 : MQ136 is a gas sensor module designed to detect the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas in the surrounding environment. It utilizes a tin dioxide (SnO2) semiconductor as its sensing element. The MQ136 sensor module is commonly used in various applications such as industrial safety, environmental monitoring, and gas leakage detection.

MQ-136 : MQ136 is a gas sensor module designed to detect the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas in the surrounding environment. It utilizes a tin dioxide (SnO2) semiconductor as its sensing element. The MQ136 sensor module is commonly used in various applications such as industrial safety, environmental monitoring, and gas leakage detection.

HCSR04 : The HCSR04 is an ultrasonic distance sensor commonly used in robotics and automation projects. It utilizes ultrasonic waves to measure distances between objects and provides accurate distance measurements within a specified range.

HCSR04 : The HCSR04 is an ultrasonic distance sensor commonly used in robotics and automation projects. It utilizes ultrasonic waves to measure distances between objects and provides accurate distance measurements within a specified range.