ESP32 LoRa Sensor Monitoring with WebServer

LoRa sensor monitoring project uses two ESP32 boards: transmitter node reading DHT22 and soil moisture sensor, and gateway/receiver hosting web dashboard. LoRa module: SX1278 (433MHz) connected via SPI. Transmitter sends JSON packets every 60 seconds: node_id, temp, humidity, soil_moisture, battery_voltage, RSSI. Gateway receives packets, parses JSON, stores in circular buffer (last 100 readings per node), serves web dashboard with live charts. Range: up to 5km line-of-sight at SF=12. Multiple transmitter nodes supported via node ID in packet header. Transmitter runs on LiPo with deep sleep between transmissions. Libraries: LoRa by Sandeep Mistry, ArduinoJson, DHT, WiFi, ESPAsyncWebServer.

Detailed Project Description

ESP32 LoRa Sensor Monitoring with WebServer focuses on a specific hardware interface or peripheral and shows exactly how to wire it, drive it from firmware and verify it is working.

How It Works
1. The peripheral is connected to the controller using the required bus (SPI/I2C/UART/I2S/CAN/RS-485/PWM/ADC).
2. The driver library is initialised and the peripheral configured.
3. Firmware exchanges data with the peripheral and processes it (measure, decode, render, play).
4. Results are verified on a display, serial monitor or the receiving device.

Key Components and Their Role
- ESP32: dual-core Wi-Fi + Bluetooth microcontroller that runs the firmware, reads the sensors and hosts the network connection.
- DHT22: digital temperature and humidity sensor with better accuracy than DHT11.
- OLED display (SSD1306): 128x64 I2C display used to show live readings and status.
- LoRa module (SX1276/SX1278): long-range, low-power radio link for kilometre-scale telemetry.
- Soil moisture sensor: capacitive probe that measures water content of soil.
- Li-ion battery + charger (TP4056): portable power with charge management.

Implementation Steps
1. Collect the components and study each module's datasheet (pin-out, voltage, interface).
2. Wire the circuit on a breadboard following the pin mapping; power sensors from the correct rail (3.3 V / 5 V).
3. Install Arduino IDE, LoRa Library, ArduinoJson and the required libraries; flash a minimal test sketch for each module separately.
4. Write the main firmware: read sensors → process → drive outputs / send data.
5. Configure network or cloud credentials and test communication end-to-end.
6. Calibrate thresholds, add error handling (reconnect, sensor time-out) and run a long-duration test.
7. Finalise on a PCB / enclosure and document wiring, code and results.

Key Features
- Correct wiring and bus configuration
- Driver setup
- Data processing
- Verification on real hardware

Expected Output
On completion the student will have a working peripheral that is measured/driven exactly as intended.

Deliverables
- Complete source code with comments
- Circuit diagram and pin mapping
- Project report with screenshots and results
- Demonstration-ready build