IoT Home Automation using ESP32 WebServer with PCB

Overview
In this
IoT project
, I will show you how to make
Home Automation
project with
ESP32 WebServer
. This Home Automation project solely relies on the
webpage
for controlling home devices with 4
relays
. Once the device is powered on, the ESP32 connects to the
WiFi network
and generates a webpage. Using the
ESP32 IP address
, you can access the Webpage. By sending
on/off
command from webpage, we can control 4 relays.
Previously, we developed a
Home Automation project
based on the ESP32 platform, utilizing platforms such as
Blynk
AWS IoT Core
and
Arduino IoT Cloud
. To enhance portability and ease of use, a
custom PCB
is designed specifically for this project. Comprehensive documentation, including
schematics
, PCB layouts,
Gerber Files
, a detailed Bill of Materials, and the complete Source Code, is made available.
This system is designed to operate independently, free from reliance on external
IoT applications
, thereby streamlining the process of integrating it into a
home automation system
Bill of Materials
For this project, we will need the following components. The component list, footprint, and quantity are given below.
S.N.
Component
Designator
Footprint
Quantity
1
Capacitor 100nf
C1, C3, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11
CAP_0805
8
2
Capacitor 10uf
C2, C4, C5
CAP_0805
3
3
Capacitor 220uF, 25V
C12
FP-RAD-TH-D_10_0_5-L_16_1-MFG
1
4
Diode 1N4007
D1, D2, D3, D4
DIOM5027X262N
4
5
SP4322-01ETG
D5
SP432201ETG
1
6
Optocoupler PC817C
IC1, IC3, IC4, IC5
DIP762W60P254L458H450Q4N
4
7
ESP32 WROOM-32
IC2
ESP32WROOM3216MB
1
8
2-Pin Terminal Block
J1
1
9
3-Pin Terminal Block
J2, J3, J4, J5
4
10
Relay SRD-05VDC-SL-C
K1, K2, K3, K4
SRD
4
11
LED Red
LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5
LEDC2012X80N
5
12
Male Header 6 Pin
P1
HDR1X6
1
13
HLK-10M05
PS1
HLK10M05
1
14
Transistor BC847B
Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6
BC847B215
6
15
Resistor 220R
R1, R3, R9, R11, R14, R16, R17, R19
805
8
16
DNP
R2, R10, R15, R18
805
4
17
Resistor 12K
R4, R12, R13
805
3
18
Resistor 1K
R5, R7, R8, R24
805
4
19
Resistor 470R
R6
805
1
20
Resistor 10K
R20, R21, R22, R23
805
4
21
Push Button Switch
S1, S2, S3, S4
B3W1020
4
22
Manual Switch (Optional)
SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4
HDR1X2
4
23
HT7333 3.3V Voltage Regulator
U1
IC_HT7333
1
Circuit Diagram & Hardware Design
Let us take a look at the
Schematic
of a ESP32 Webserver Home Automation. The schematic is drawn using the
Altium Designer
Software.
We used SMD resistors, capacitors, and LED with the 0805 package. To convert
220V AC
to
5V DC
, we used an
AC-to-DC Converter
from
Hi-Link
. For providing power to ESP32 raw chip and other peripherals, a low-power
LDO HT7333
IC was used. To separate the high-power line from the 3.3V circuit
PC817 optocoupler
IC is used. The LED5 in the circuit is used to indicate power.
Similarly the
LED1, LED2, LED3
&
LED4
is used to represent
Relay1, Relay2, Relay3
&
Relay4
output respectively. The LED5 is a power indication LED. The 4 Relays are connected to ESP32 via GPIO Pins 12, 14, 27, 26. The push buttons
SW1, SW2, SW3
, and
SW4
are used in the manual controlling of Relays. They are connected to GPIO Pins 5, 17, 13, 16. You may attach a
manual switch
there and program the controller to control the circuit.
You can connect
4 home appliannces
using the Relay connections at 3 Pin Terminal
J2, J3. J4, J
5. The 2 Pin Terminal
J1
is used to supply
AC Power
directly to the Circuit. A Capacitor C12 of 220uF, 25V is connected to PCB stop voltage fluctuations.
To program the
ESP32 raw chip
, the
FTDI pin
is provided. We can connect an
FTDI Module
(USB-to-TTL Converter) to program the ESP32 Chip directly.
Project PCB Gerber File & PCB Ordering Online
We have designed the
PCB
using the
Altium Designer Software
. It took quite a lot of time fixing all the isses in the PCB but still we managed to design a complete working custom PCB. The PCB design looks like this.
Here is the
3D View
of the PCB from the front side as well as from the backside.
The Gerber File for the PCB is given below. You can simply download the Gerber File and order the PCB from
PCBGOGO
at
1$
only.
Download Gerber File:
ESP32 Home Automation Gerber File
You can use this Gerber file to order high-quality PCB for this project. To do that visit the
PCBGOGO
official website by clicking here:
https://www.pcbgogo.com/
You can now upload the Gerber File by choosing the Quote Now option. From these options, you can choose the Material Type, Dimensions, Quantity, Thickness, Solder Mask Color and other required parameters.
After filling all details, select your country and shipping method. Finally you can place the order.
PCB & Hardware Assembly
After ordering the PCB, it took almost 5 days and I got my PCB.
The PCB quality from
PCBGOGO
is superb with very high quality. That is why most people trust
PCBGOGO
for PCB/PCBA Services.
PCB Top Side
PCB Bottom Side
First solder all the
SMD components
like resistors, capacitors, transistors, LEDs, voltage regulators & diodes. Be careful about the SMD LED polarity, place it in the proper direction. The SMD soldering is to be done on the both sides.
After soldering all these, you can solder the
ESP32 raw chip
. The final stage would be soldering all the through-hole components like Optocoupler IC, terminal block, Relays, male-female headers, and AC-to-DC Converter Module.
After soldering all the components, the ESP32 Webserver Home Automation Board is ready for the test. You can upload a blink sketch by connecting a
USB-to-TTL Converter
Module.
Note:
There were some voltage fluctuation issues in the designed PCB, so I have updated the design by adding 220uF capacitor. Also, some connection issues have been fixed. The Gerber file above is updated and the PCB would be little different from shown above. But overall the functionality is same.
Source Code/Program for Home Automation using ESP32 WebServer
Let us see the code for IoT Home Automation using ESP32 WebServer. The following code sets up an ESP32 as a simple web server for home automation. It controls four devices connected to GPIO pins, allowing their states (ON/OFF) to be toggled via a web page.
Here is the complete code. In this code make changes to the
WiFi SSID
and
Password
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#include `WiFi.h`
// Replace with your network credentials
const
char
*
ssid
=
\"***************\"
;
// Network SSID (name)
const
char
*
password
=
\"***************\"
;
// Network password
// Set web server port number to 80 (HTTP default)
WiFiServer
server
(
80
)
;
// Variable to store the HTTP request from the client
String
header
;
// Variables to store the current state of each device (ON/OFF)
String
Device1State
=
\"off\"
;
String
Device2State
=
\"off\"
;
String
Device3State
=
\"off\"
;
String
Device4State
=
\"off\"
;
// Assign each device to a GPIO pin
const
int
Device1
=
12
;
const
int
Device2
=
14
;
const
int
Device3
=
27
;
const
int
Device4
=
26
;
// Variables to track the current time and last time a client made a request
unsigned
long
currentTime
=
millis
(
)
;
unsigned
long
previousTime
=
0
;
// Define timeout time in milliseconds (2000ms = 2 seconds)
const
long
timeoutTime
=
2000
;
void
setup
(
)
{
Serial
begin
(
115200
)
;
// Initialize the GPIO pins for the devices as outputs and set them to LOW
pinMode
(
Device1
OUTPUT
)
;
pinMode
(
Device2
OUT