Fire Detection System using Flame Sensor & Arduino

Overview
In this project, we will build a
Fire Detection System
using
Flame Sensor
&
Arduino
. Earlier we build a simple
Fire Detector
Project using
Thermistor
. But this project uses a specific sensor called
Flame Sensor
instead of any temperature sensor.
Fire accidents can cause devastating damage to life and property. Early
detection of fires
is crucial for safety and prevention. With advancements in technology, it’s possible to create a simple yet effective
fire detection system
using a
flame sensor
and an Arduino Code.
This post will discuss how to set up a fire detection system that not only senses the presence of a
flame
but also alerts the surroundings with a
visual signal
and a melody alarm.
Bill of Materials
For this tutorial I am using the
SunFounder Arduino Starter Kit
which has 90+ components.
Here are the list of components I am using from this Kit.
S.N.
Components
Quantity
Purchase Links

Arduino UNO R4/R3 Board

Amazon
AliExpress

Flame Sensor

Amazon
AliExpress
SunFounder

Red LED

Amazon
AliExpress
SunFounder

Buzzer

Amazon
AliExpress
SunFounder

Connecting Wires

Amazon
AliExpress
SunFounder

Type C USB Cable

Amazon
AliExpress

Breadboard

Amazon
AliExpress
SunFounder
Flame Sensor
A flame sensor is a device that can detect the presence of fire or other light sources within a specific wavelength range, typically from 760nm to 1100 nm.
It is an essential component in various applications, especially in safety systems where fire detection is crucial. The Flame Sensor is one such device that utilizes the YG1006 sensor, a high-speed and highly sensitive NPN silicon phototransistor, to detect flames.
Working of the Flame Sensor
IR sensors like all other photosensor work on the principle that a photon of sufficient energy can knock out electrons so that the resistance of the circuit is changed.
An IR sensor consists of an emitter, detector, and associated circuitry. The circuit required to make an IR sensor consists of two parts; the emitter circuit and the receiver circuit.
The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR photodiode that is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode, its resistance and correspondingly, its output voltage, change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.
Features and Specifications
Sensor Type
: Utilizes YG1006 NPN silicon phototransistor.
Sensitivity
: Specifically sensitive to infrared radiation due to its black epoxy packaging.
Operating Voltage
: Ranges from 3.3V to 5V, making it compatible with most microcontroller platforms.
Output
: Provides both analog and digital outputs for flexibility in interfacing with other circuits.
Indicator LED
: Comes with an LED indicator that lights up when a flame is detected.
Adjustable Threshold
: Features a potentiometer to adjust the detection threshold for different flame intensities.
Detection Distance
: Capable of detecting a lighter flame at a distance of up to 0.8 meters; greater flame intensities can increase this range.
Detection Angle
: Offers a detection angle of approximately 60 degrees, allowing for a focused detection range.
Pinout
The flame sensor module typically has three to four pins:
VCC
: Connects to the power supply (3.3V to 5V).
GND
: Connects to the ground of the power supply.
D0 (Digital Output)
: Outputs a digital signal (high or low) based on flame detection.
A0 (Analog Output)
: Outputs an analog signal proportional to the intensity of the detected flame.
Fire Detection System using Flame Sensor & Arduino
Now let us interface the Flame Sensor with Arduino UNO board and make our own Fire Detection System.
Circuit Diagram & Connections
Here is a simple circuit diagram for this project.
Connect the flame sensor’s VCC to Arduino’s 5V and GND to Arduino’s GND, and its digital output pin to Arduino’s pin 4.
The buzzer’s positive lead connects to Arduino’s pin 3, and its negative lead to another GND pin. Lastly, connect the LED’s anode to Arduino’s pin 2 through a 220-ohm resistor, and its cathode directly to Arduino’s GND.
Source Code/Program
The code for Fire Detection System using Flame Sensor & Arduino is very simple and is written in Arduino IDE. You can copy the following code and paste it on your Arduino IDE editor window.

int
flame_sensor_pin
=

;
// initializing pin 4 as the sensor output pin
int
buzzer_pin
=

;
// initializing pin 8 as the buzzer pin
int
led_pin
=

;
// initializing the pin 2 as the led pin
int
flame_pin
=
HIGH
;
// state of sensor
void
setup
(
)
{
pinMode
(
led_pin
OUTPUT
)
;
// declaring led pin as output pin
pinMode
(
flame_sensor_pin
INPUT
)
;
// declaring sensor pin as input pin for Arduino
pinMode
(
buzzer_pin
OUTPUT
)
;
// declaring buzzer pin as output pin
Serial
begin
(
9600
)
;
// setting baud rate at 9600
}
void
loop
(
)
{
flame_pin
=
digitalRead
(
flame_sensor_pin
)
;
// reading from the sensor
if
(
flame_pin
==
LOW
)
// applying condition
{
Serial
println
(
"FLAME, FLAME, FLAME"
)
;
digitalWrite
(
led_pin
HIGH
)
;
// if state is high, then turn high the led
playMelody
(
)
;
// play a melody on the buzzer
}
else
{
Serial
println
(
"no flame"
)
;
digitalWrite
(
led_pin
LOW
)
;
// otherwise turn it low
noTone
(
buzzer_pin
)
;
// stop playing any tone
}
}
void
playMelody
(
)
{
// Play a simple melody: C4, E4, G4, C5
tone
(
buzzer_pin

)
;
// C4
delay
(

)
;
tone
(
buzzer_pin

)
;
// E4
delay
(

)
;
tone
(
buzzer_pin

)
;
// G4
delay
(

)
;
tone
(
buzzer_pin

)
;
// C5
delay
(

)
;
}
From the tools menu, Select the Arduino UNO Board and the Arduino COM port. Then click on the upload icon to upload the code.
Testing & Results
When the flame sensor detects a flame, it sends a digital LOW signal to Digital Pin 4 on the Arduino. The code is written such that when the Arduino detects this LOW signal, it performs two actions.
It sends a HIGH signal to Digital Pin 2, turning on the LED. This serves as a visual indicator that a flame has been detected. It also activates the buzzer on Digital Pin 3 to play a melody.
When the flame sensor does not detect a flame, it sends a HIGH signal to the Arduino, which results in the code sending a LOW signal to the LED pin, turning it off, and stopping any tone on the buzzer.
Video Tutorial & Guide
Fire/flame Detector using Flame Sensor and Arduino
Watch this video on YouTube
Conclusion
Creating a fire detection system with an Arduino and a flame sensor is a great project for hobbyists and those looking to understand the basics of electronic sensors and alarms. It demonstrates the potential of simple components and how they can be used to create life-saving systems. With the right setup and programming, anyone can build a basic fire detection system that increases safety and provides a quick response to potential fire outbreaks.